Fig. 6

Plot showing the inverse relationship of accuracy (z-values) and coverage across different \(r^{2}\) and \(R^{2}\) thresholds for PRED-LD (combined and separate panels) and the compared tools, respectively. The results are comparable to those of Fig. 5, with the absence of FAPI which reports only p-values. Regarding PRED-LD, the combined panels option demonstrates a high accuracy-coverage ratio, whilst when selecting the Pheno Scanner panel, PRED-LD exhibits the best results among all tools and PRED-LD panels. RAISS achieves high accuracy but moderate coverage in all thresholds. SSIMP offers the highest accuracy and coverage for \(R^{2} \;> \;0.{5}\) and \(R^{2} \;> \;0.6\). DIST delivers the best coverage overall, but lower \(R^{2}\) among RAISS, SSIMP, and PRED-LD (in all its panels)