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Table 9 Literature search summary for top 10 selected biomarkers

From: Amogel: a multi-omics classification framework using associative graph neural networks with prior knowledge for biomarker identification

Cancer type

Biomarker

Omics type

Summary

BRCA

mir934 [40]

miRNA

Promotes breast cancer metastasis by regulating PTEN and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

BRCA

FOXC1 [34]

mRNA

Highly linked to Basal-like subtype, often overexpressed in Basal-like cancers. Regulates genes involved in cell growth, differentiation, and survival.

BRCA

ESR1 [35, 36]

GATA3 [35, 36]

mRNA

Work together in Luminal subtypes to regulate gene expression in response to estrogen and drive the growth of estrogen receptor-positive tumors.

BRCA

FOXA1 [37]

mRNA

Facilitates ESR1 binding to its target genes, aiding transcriptional regulation in Luminal breast cancer cells.

BRCA

C6orf97 [38]

mRNA

Not well-characterized; located near ESR1 and may influence breast cancer susceptibility.

BRCA

AGR3 [39]

mRNA

Associated with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.

BRCA

TBC1D9 [41]

mRNA

An important modulator of tumorigenesis in breast cancer.

BRCA

RAET1L

mRNA

Limited publication information; highly ranked biomarkers worth investigating for potential breast cancer connections.

BRCA

MIR563

DNA Meth.

Limited publication information; highly ranked biomarkers worth investigating for potential breast cancer connections.

KIPAN

mir126 [42]

miRNA

Downregulated in kidney cancer, including KIRC. Involved in tumor progression and metastasis

KIPAN

VEGFA [43]

mRNA

Frequently overexpressed in KIRC, targeted by anti-angiogenic therapies.

KIPAN

mir122 [44]

miRNA

Often downregulated in kidney cancer, influences tumor progression by regulating metabolic pathways.

KIPAN

MTUS1 [45]

PLVAP [46]

PRDM16 [47]

SLC22A23 [48]

mRNA

Dysregulated in kidney cancer, contributes to tumor development and progression.

KIPAN

TSPAN5

mRNA

Limited publication information; highly ranked biomarkers worth investigating for potential breast cancer connections.

KIPAN

SNORB30

UBE2N

DNA Meth.

Limited publication information; highly ranked biomarkers worth investigating for potential breast cancer connections.