Fig. 3

Procedures of the PDATC-NCPMKL-updated. This model is an updated version of PDATC-NCPMKL. Based on the biological profiles of ATC codes, include highly related target proteins, structural features, side effects, three new ATC code kernels (\(K_{TP,a}^{i,*}\), \(K_{FP,a}^{i,*}\), and \(K_{SE,a}^{i,*}\)) are built. These new ATC code kernels are fused with those in PDATC-NCPMKL to yield novel unified ATC code kernel. The recommendation matrix is produced with the same following procedures of PDATC-NCPMKL. Please refer to Additional file 2 for drug kernels (\(K_{TP,d}^{i,*}\), \(K_{FP,d}^{i,*}\), \(K_{IN,d}^{i}\), \(K_{F,d}^{i,*}\), and \(K_{SE,d}^{i,*}\)) and ATC code kernels (\(K_{F,a}^{i,*}\), \(K_{SPro}^{i}\), and \(K_{SM}^{i}\)) in PDATC-NCPMKL