Fig. 5

Results of FAST for the breast cancer data. a Histology image of the breast cancer tissue slide. It shows the original histological image of the breast cancer tissue slide, which serves as a reference for subsequent analysis b Cell proportion pie chart by FAST. It illustrates the proportions of the 15 cell types within the tissues at each spot inferred by FAST, providing an overview visualization of the cellular composition. c Annotated tissue types. This panel shows the regions that have been annotated based on known knowledge. It serves as a reference in this analysis. Grey spots remain unclassified in literature. d Tissue types generated by FAST. It presents the tissue types predicted using FAST. e Cell type by annotated tissue region heatmap. It visualizes the distribution of cell types across the annotated tissue regions. f Cell type by FAST tissue region heatmap. To compare with (e), it depicts the distribution of cell types within the tissue regions as defined by FAST. g Dotplot of gene enrichment results. It displays the results of gene enrichment analysis across different cell types. The horizontal axis represents the cell types identified by FAST, while the vertical axis shows the common and distinct biological pathways across IDC and DCIS regions. The color gradient of the dots corresponds to the False Discovery Rate (FDR) of the enrichment, with more significant pathways shown in a deeper color. The size of each dot indicates the number of genes (nGenes) associated with the enrichment within each pathway