Fig. 1
From: MR-GGI: accurate inference of gene–gene interactions using Mendelian randomization
Overview of MR-GGI. MR-GGI tests the causal relation between two genes using MR. \({g}_{i}\) represents gene \(i\), \({s}_{ij}\) represents \(j\)th cis-SNP for \({g}_{i}\), and \(u\) represents an unknown confounding factor that affects genes. The red box shows an example of causality test on \({g}_{1}\) and \({g}_{3}\) utilizing MR, where \({s}_{11}\) represents a cis-SNP for \({g}_{1}\) and \({s}_{31}\), \({s}_{32}\), \({s}_{33}\) represent three cis-SNPs for \({g}_{3}\) that were found after the fine-mapping and filtering processes